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Exodus 2:11-25

Moses had been born into a very chaotic time in Israel’s history (Exodus 2).  His people had been under intense slavery to the Egyptians, who were attempting to stop the Israelites’ rapid population growth in case they would join together with an enemy nation to defeat Egypt (Exodus 1:7-14).  When putting Israel under extreme bondage did not prevent their growth, Pharaoh (king of Egypt) commanded the Hebrew midwives to kill all newborn males (1:15-21); however, his plan failed so he demanded that the citizens of Egypt seek out newborn males and put them to death by drowning them in the river (1:22).  Moses’ mother hid him away in a basket and placed him in the river, but he was soon discovered by Pharaoh’s daughter, who ended up raising him as her own son (2:1-10).  Although Moses was raised in an Egyptian home, he never forgot his real identity as an Israelite.  This reality is evident in an incident which transpired in his early years of adulthood (40 years old, 1485 BC).  ”Now it came to pass in those days, when Moses was grown, that he went out to his brethren and looked at their burdens.  And he saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his brethren. So he looked this way and that way, and when he saw no one, he killed the Egyptian and hid him in the sand” (2:11-12).  Acts 7:24-25 speaks concerning this incident, “And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended and avenged him who was oppressed, and struck down the Egyptian. For he supposed that his brethren would have understood that God would deliver them by his hand, but they did not understand.”

The very next day Moses sees two Israelites fighting and asks the one who was in the wrong why he was hitting his friend (2:13).  The Israelite man responded to Moses saying, “Who made you a prince and a judge over us? Do you intend to kill me as you killed the Egyptian?” (2:14).  Moses, unaware that someone had seen him murder the Egyptian, became fearful and when Pharaoh found out about Moses’ actions, he sought to kill him (2:15a).  Moses fled to Midian where he sat down by a well and there met the seven daughters of the priest of Midian, who were watering their father’s flock (2:15b-16).  The shepherds also came to the same well where they were gathered, but drove the daughters away until Moses “stood up and helped them, and watered their flock” (2:17).  The daughters returned home earlier than usual because Moses had helped them and upon hearing about Moses’ kindness their father, Reuel, demanded that they bring him to their home (2:18-20).  Moses came to the house of Reuel where he was given Zipporah, Reuel’s daughter, to take as a wife (2:21-22).  Moses dwelt in Midian for the next 40 years.  While Moses was dwelling in Midian, the king of Egypt died and the “…children of Israel groaned because of the bondage, and they cried out; and their cry came up to God because of the bondage” (2:23).  In response to Israel’s groaning, “…God remembered His covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God acknowledged them” (2:24-25).  God had not forgotten about His promise.

Dear God, thank You for keeping Your promises.

Exodus 2:1-10

The Israelites, God’s chosen people, had made their way to Egypt (Genesis 46) because a severe famine (Genesis 41) had struck the land of Canaan (1875 BC).  God had given them divine protection through Joseph, son of Jacob, in order to fulfill the promise that He would make a great nation from Abraham descendants (Genesis 12:1-3, 7); however, the nation of Israel’s future was being threatened by the king of Egypt.  Israel had experienced tremendous growth since Jacob had traveled to Egypt (from 70 men to approximately 2 million people), but Pharaoh began to fear that their growth would lead to them joining an enemy nation to overtake Egypt (Exodus 1:8-9).  Pharaoh attempted to control Israel’s population and power by placing them under intense slavery, but God continued to bless them with more power and people (1:10-14).  When Pharaoh’s first plan didn’t work, he commanded the Hebrew midwives to kill any males being born (1:15-16), but they refused and God blessed Israel with more growth (1:17-21).  Finally in desperation Pharaoh demanded that his people seek out newborn males and kill them by throwing them into the river (1:22).

In the midst of this chaotic time for Israel, the reader is introduced to a child who is born to parents of the house of Levi (2:1-2a).  After seeing that this child was beautiful, she hid him for three months, but when he could no longer be hidden his mother made a small ark and hid him in the river in order to protect those seeking to kill the child (2:2b-3).  The child’s sister stood at the river and watched what would happen to the child (2:4).  One day the daughter of Pharaoh came to the river to bathe and discovered the child hidden in the river (2:5-6a).  She immediately knew he was a child of the Hebrews, but she had compassion on him and decided to raise him as her own son, whom she named Moses (2:6b-10).  Not many details are given concerning Moses being raised in the house of Pharaoh, but one can assume that he was given many privileges; however, Hebrews 11:24-26 reveals that “By faith Moses, when he became of age, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter, choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God than to enjoy the passing pleasures of sin, esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt; for he looked to the reward.”  Although Moses was formally educated and had a royal “family” he never lost sight of being a part of the Israelite nation.  God supernaturally protected Moses and would eventually turn this seemingly bad circumstance into good for the nation of Israel.

Dear God, may I always remember that You are at work even when it may not be evident with my eyes.

Exodus 1:1-22

Jacob and his family had come to Egypt somewhere around 1875 BC in order to be spared from the great famine which had plagued the land of Canaan (Genesis 46).  They were providentially brought to Egypt through God using Joseph, Jacob’s son, to preserve the nation of Israel (Genesis 49-50).  When Joseph died in in 1804 BC, the nation of Israel consisted of 70 men (1:1-6) and had favor with Egypt; however, after Joseph and his generation passed away, the relationship between Israel and Egypt began to change (1525 BC).  The children of Israel had become a growing nation of approximately 2 million people (1:7; see also Numbers 1:46) and the new king over Egypt began to fear Israel saying, “Look, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we; come, let us deal shrewdly with them, lest they multiply, and it happen, in the event of war, that they also join our enemies and fight against us, and so go up out of the land” (1:9-10).  In response to the rapid growth of Israel and fear of being overtaken, the king of Egypt implemented intense, forced labor on the Israelites and required them to build supply cities for Egypt (1:11).  The intense slavery did not stop the population from growing so the Egyptian king “…made the children of Israel serve with rigor.  And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage…” (1:13-14).  No matter how intense the bondage, Israel continued to grow because of God’s supernatural protection over them.  The king of Egypt became frustrated and resorted to another way of keeping the Israelite population from expanding.  ”Then the king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, of whom the name of one was Shiphrah and the name of the other Puah; and he said, ‘When you do the duties of a midwife for the Hebrew women, and see them on the birthstools, if it is a son, then you shall kill him; but if it is a daughter, then she shall live’” (1:15-16).  The Hebrew midwives feared God and therefore ignored the king’s command to kill all male children being born (1:17).  When the king found out that the Hebrew midwives had disobeyed his order, he confronted them (1:18) but they said, “Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women; for they are lively and give birth before the midwives come to them” (1:19).  Their statement to the king should not be understood as a lie, but rather that God was supernaturally involved in helping the Israelite women to experience smooth deliveries.  The Hebrew midwives were blessed by God for their courage and faithfulness to Him (1:20-21).  Pharaoh, king of Egypt, became even more desperate to control the population of the Israelites so he commanded the Egyptians saying, “Every son who is born you shall cast into the river, and every daughter you shall save alive” (1:22).  His command to exterminate the newborn, male children exposed the hatred and fear in his heart against God’s people.

Dear God, thank You for being involved in the affairs of men.  Thank You for Your protection and care over those who belong to You.

Introduction to Exodus

Exodus is the second book written by Moses and the sequel to the book of Genesis.  The timeline of Genesis ended with Joseph’s death in 1804 BC and the storyline of Exodus begins its narrative somewhere around 1525 BC.  This means that there were nearly 280 years of silence before the events of Exodus began.  On his deathbed, Joseph had spoken concerning the Israelites departing from Egypt (Genesis 50:24; Hebrews 11:22) and Exodus became the historical record of their “exodus” from Egypt in 1445 BC, led by God’s chosen leader, Moses.  The story of Moses is an important part of this book because it follows God’s relationship with Moses and how He called him out as the one who would bring deliverance to the nation of Israel.  Although not all of the details are given regarding Moses’ early years, the reader is engaged by understanding the events surrounding Moses’ birth (Exodus 1:1-2:10), his fleeing to Midian (Exodus 2:11-25), and God’s appearance to him at the burning bush (Exodus 3:1-4:31).  God’s call for Moses to deliver the Israelites from Egyptian bondage was in keeping with the promise which had been made to Abraham.  More than 500 years had passed since God told Abraham that his descendants would inhabit the land of Canaan and grow to become a great nation (Genesis 12:1-3, 7).  The book of Exodus reveals the rapid growth of Israel and the establishing of a nation.  God’s plan in delivering Israel is revealed in Exodus 2:23-25, “Now it happened in the process of time that the king of Egypt died.  Then the children of Israel groaned because of the bondage, and they cried out; and their cry came up to God because of the bondage. So God heard their groaning, and God remembered His covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God acknowledged them.

The book of Exodus can be divided into three parts of Israel’s history:

The Israelites escape from Egyptian oppression (Exodus 1-12:36)
The Israelites wandering in the wilderness for 40 years (Exodus 12:37-18:27)
The Israelites 11 month encampment in Sinai where they received God’s law (Exodus 19:1-40:38)

Dear God, give me understanding and application as I read through the book of Exodus.

Genesis 49:1-50:26

An Explanation of Genesis

Explanation of Genesis 49 and Genesis 50.  Jacob’s life was about to end so he called together his sons and told them what would happen to each one of them in the future (49:1-2).  The descendants of Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, would not prosper (49:3-4) because he had sinned against his father by sleeping with his concubine (Genesis 35:22).  Not one of his descendants became a leader in Israelite history and there is almost no mention of his tribe.  Simeon and Levi were known as men of violence (Genesis 34:25-29) and both of their tribes would be scattered (49:5-7), although Levi’s descendants would eventually become the priestly tribe.  Judah would dominate his enemies and his brothers would praise him; furthermore, his descendants would rise to national leadership including David, Solomon, and the soon-coming Messiah, referred to here as Shiloh (49:8-12).  This Messiah (Jesus Christ) would be called the Lion of the Tribe of Judah in Revelation 5:5.  Judah’s tribe would be blessed and prosperous.  Zebulun‘s descendants would benefit from sea traders moving through her land (49:13).  Issachar, although strong, would work for others (49:14-15).  The tribe of Dan was raised up to be a judges, but they would not be faithful (49:16-18).  Gad would settle in a place where they would be subject to attackers, but they would prevail (49:19).  Asher would settle in a fertile area and provide rich food (49:20).  Naphtali‘s tribe would be known for speed and agility, but also for their beautiful words (49:21).  Most of Jacob’s blessing would fall upon Joseph, and his two sons, who would experience victory (49:23-24) and prosperity (49:25-26).  Benjamin, Jacob’s youngest son, would produce a violent, warlike tribe whose future descendants included Saul and eventually Paul (49:27).

Following Jacob’s prophetical words, he died and was buried alongside his wife as he had requested (49:28-50:13).  After Jacob’s burial in the land of Canaan, Joseph and his brothers returned to Egypt but “…when Joseph’s brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, ‘Perhaps Joseph will hate us, and may actually repay us for all the evil which we did to him’” (50:15).  Their sudden fear caused them to remind Joseph that their father had requested that he forgive them for their actions (50:15-17).  When Joseph heard that they questioned his genuineness, he wept and said to them, “Do not be afraid, for am I in the place of God? But as for you, you meant evil against me; but God meant it for good, in order to bring it about as it is this day, to save many people alive. Now therefore, do not be afraid; I will provide for you and your little ones” (50:18-21).  Joseph’s words showed that he trusted in God’s plan from the beginning and knew that his bad circumstances were orchestrated by God in order to spare the lives of many.  Joseph lived until the age of 110, but before his death he reminded his brothers of God’s promise to bring them into the land of Canaan (50:22-26).  Even in his death, Joseph embraced the promises of God and was faithful to Him until he took his last breath.

Dear God, thank You for giving me the example of Joseph, who was faithful to You until the day he died.  May I be faithful as Joseph was faithful.

Genesis 48:1-22

Because of the severe famine throughout the land (Genesis 42), Jacob and all of his family had departed from Canaan in order to reside in Egypt (Genesis 46-47).  Joseph had risen to power in Egypt (Genesis 41) and God used him to preserve the forming nation of Israel.  Furthermore, Pharaoh gave Joseph’s family the land of Goshen and because Goshen was away from the mainstream it allowed them to settle in Egypt without being influenced by the culture.  Jacob celebrated about being reunited with his son, Joseph, whom he believed was dead; however, the time of Jacob’s death was near so he requested that Joseph bury him back in the land of Canaan (Genesis 47:29-31).  After Joseph’s promise to Jacob, his health began to fail and he took his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim, to see Jacob before his death (48:1).  Frail and nearly blind, Jacob sat up in his bed and said, “God Almighty appeared to me at Luz in the land of Canaan and blessed me, and said to me, ‘Behold, I will make you fruitful and multiply you, and I will make of you a multitude of people, and give this land to your descendants after you as an everlasting possession.’  And now your two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, who were born to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you in Egypt, are mine; as Reuben and Simeon, they shall be mine” (48:2-5).  Jacob’s adoption of Joseph’s two sons was an expression of gratitude and provided them with the same inheritance as his own sons.

Jacob called Joseph’s two sons to him and pronounced a blessing on them, but the blessing of the firstborn was bestowed upon Ephraim instead of Manasseh, the oldest (48:6-16).  Joseph attempted to correct Jacob’s apparent mistake by switching Jacob’s right hand of blessing to the head of Manasseh (48:17-18), but Jacob refused saying, “I know, my son, I know. He also shall become a people, and he also shall be great; but truly his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his descendants shall become a multitude of nations” (48:19).  Jacob then turns his attention to Joseph saying, “Behold, I am dying, but God will be with you and bring you back to the land of your fathers. Moreover I have given to you one portion above your brothers, which I took from the hand of the Amorite with my sword and my bow” (48:21-22).  Through his words to Joseph, Jacob expressed his confidence that God would eventually return them to Canaan to inherit the land God had promised to them.  Although Jacob’s life had been filled with hardship, he trusted that God would fulfill His promise, even if he never lived to see it come to pass.

Dear God, give me faith like Jacob.

Spider Attack!

Usually during the summer months we are on spider watch. Spiders seem to make their way into our house and show up in random places…typically the bathroom. A spider sighting can be dangerous, especially when they make a surprise appearance on the shower wall because there is no easy escape. Through my years of spider squashing, I’ve learned one very important principle. Make the first strike count. If you miss the spider on the initial attempt, that thing is going to take off and you’ll spend the rest of the day worrying about it’s whereabouts – in your bed, under the toilet seat, or in your shoe.

The other day I spotted an odd looking spider in the bathroom, so I meticulously unrolled some toilet paper and spent a few seconds developing a plan before I went in for the kill. After the initial strike, the spider was no where to be found on the piece of toilet paper. I began to panic. Was he going to flank me? My eyes were furiously scanning the bathroom floor until I finally located the dead carcass. Instant relief flooded my soul.

Doing things right the first time prevents unnecessary fear and worry about the future.

Make the first strike count.

Genesis 46:1-47:31

After Jacob discovered that his son, Joseph, was alive in the land of Egypt, God appeared to him in a dream and said, “I am God, the God of your father; do not fear to go down to Egypt, for I will make of you a great nation there. I will go down with you to Egypt, and I will also surely bring you up again; and Joseph will put his hand on your eyes” (46:1-4).  Jacob obeyed the voice of the Lord and departed with his family from Canaan (46:5-7) around 1875 BC and they would remain there until the Exodus some 430 later (1445 BC).  Genesis 46:8-27 records the names of 70 men from whom the nation of Israel would form.  Jacob instructed his son Judah to go ahead of the caravan to meet Joseph so that he could direct them to Goshen, where they would settle away from the mainstream of Egyptian culture (46:28).  Joseph departed to Goshen and was reunited with his father after 22 years of separation (46:29-30).  Joseph’s family would soon meet Pharaoh and he instructed them to say that they raised livestock because the Egyptians despised shepherds (46:31-34).  This despised occupation would allow Joseph’s family to settle in Goshen, which would be secluded and somewhat protect them from intermingling with the Egyptians.  Joseph’s plan worked and Pharaoh allowed them to settle in Goshen (47:1-12), which was also called Rameses (46:11) or Zoan (Psalm 78:12, 43).

After Joseph’s family had settled themselves in the land of Goshen, Joseph turned his attention back to the famine which had become very severe (47:13).  When all the money in Egypt had been used (47:14-15), Joseph began accepting livestock as payment for grain (47:16-17).  The year ended and people had no money or cattle left so they began selling themselves and their land in exchange for food until Joseph had purchased all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh, except the land owned by the priests (47:18-22).  Joseph then instructed the people to begin planting seed, which he gave to them, and then they would give Pharaoh one-fifth of the yield as payment (47:23-24).  The people rejoiced in Joseph’s plan and declared that he had saved their lives (47:25-26).

Circumstances were a little different in Goshen where Joseph’s family had settled.  The Israelites prospered by the hand of God during the famine so that “…they had possessions and there and grew and multiplied exceedingly” (47:27).  God’s prospering of the Israelites was related to the promise He had made to Abraham (Genesis 12:1-3), Isaac, and Jacob.  Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years before his death came near (47:28) and he requested that Joseph would bury him in the family burial cave in Canaan (47:29-30).  Joseph promised Jacob that he would be buried at the place of his request (47:31).  God had been faithful to Jacob.

Dear God, thank You for being faithful even when circumstances may not seem like they are going my way.

Genesis 45:1-28

For much of his youth, Joseph’s life had been characterized by uncertainty and transition.  At 17 years old (Genesis 37:2), he was sold into slavery by his brothers who had a great hatred for him (Genesis 37) because of their father’s favoritism (Genesis 37:3).  After becoming a slave in Egypt, Joseph found favor in the house of Potiphar until his wife accused Joseph of rape and had him thrown into prison (Genesis 39).  In prison Joseph developed a reputation for interpreting dreams (Genesis 40) which eventually landed him before Pharaoh (Genesis 41).  Joseph revealed that Pharaoh’s dreams foretold of an upcoming famine, so he put Joseph in charge of sustaining Egypt during these seven years of barrenness.  The severe famine caused Joseph’s brothers to make a journey to Egypt in order to buy food but unbeknownst to them, they were standing before their brother whom they sold into slavery more than fifteen years earlier (Genesis 42).  Joseph accused them of being spies and demanded that they bring back their younger brother, Benjamin, to prove that they were not spies.  The brothers returned to Egypt with Benjamin and through a series of tests Joseph discovered that there had been a change of heart within his brothers (Genesis 43-44).

“Then Joseph could not restrain himself before all those who stood by him, and he cried out, ‘Make everyone go out from me!’  So no one stood with him while Joseph made himself known to his brothers. And he wept aloud, and the Egyptians and the house of Pharaoh heard it“ (45:1-2).  Fear immediately struck his brothers (45:3), but Joseph comforted them saying, “But now, do not therefore be grieved or angry with yourselves because you sold me here; for God sent me before you to preserve life” (45:4-5).  Furthermore, Joseph said to them, “…God sent me before you to preserve a posterity for you in the earth, and to save your lives by a great deliverance. So now it was not you who sent me here, but God; and He has made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler throughout all the land of Egypt” (45:6-8).  Rather than blaming God for his adverse circumstances throughout his life, Joseph recognized that God had used them to eventually preserve their family.  Joseph commanded his brothers to return to Canaan and bring back their father, Jacob, as well as their families to Egypt so that they could survive the next five years of the famine (45:9-11).  The brothers were in awe of God’s protecting hand and they talked together with Joseph (45:12-15).

When Pharaoh heard of the reunion between Joseph and his brothers it pleased him and he demanded that they return to Egypt with their families, where they would receive the best of the land of Egypt (45:16-20).  When they arrived in Canaan they said to their father, “Joseph is still alive, and he is governor over all the land of Egypt” (45:21-26a).  Upon hearing this news, Jacob’s “…heart stood still, because he did not believe them” (45:26b); however, “when they told him all the words which Joseph had said to them, and when he saw the carts which Joseph had sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob their father revived” (45:27).  Jacob then determined to go to Egypt so that he could see Joseph before he died (45:28).  The story of Joseph had begun in tragedy, but was ending in celebration.

Dear God, give me the outlook of Joseph.

Genesis 44:1-34

The famine throughout all the lands had brought Jacob’s sons to Egypt to buy grain (Genesis 42); however, the man in Egypt selling the food was their brother Joseph, whom they had sold into slavery over 20 years before (Genesis 37).  They did not recognize their brother, Joseph, who accused them of coming to Egypt to spy out the barrenness of the land (Genesis 42:8-14).  Joseph placed Simeon into prison and demanded that the other brothers return with Benjamin, the youngest brother, in order to prove that they were not spies (Genesis 42:15-24).  When the brothers returned to Canaan, Jacob refused to allow Benjamin to return to Egypt with them (Genesis 42:25-38), but the famine eventually forced him to send Benjamin back to Egypt with them to buy food (Genesis 43:1-15).  The brothers became fearful when Joseph requested that they come to the palace, but he was simply testing whether there had been a change of heart in each of them (43:16-34).

Following their meal with Joseph, he commanded the steward of the house to “Fill the men’s sacks with food, as much as they can carry, and put every man’s money in his sack’s mouth.  And put my cup, the silver cup, in the sack’s mouth of the youngest, and his corn money” (44:1-2).  When the brothers had departed from Egypt, Joseph sent his servant to pursue them and inquire if one of them had stolen his silver cup (44:3-6).  The brothers immediately denied the accusations of the servant and declared that the one who stole it should be put to death (44:7-9).  They were confident in their innocence.  When each man opened his bag, the silver cup was discovered in Benjamin’s sack and his brothers “tore their clothes” in agony over the possibility that he may be put to death (44:10-13).  This situation was also a test for Joseph’s brothers to see if they cared for their younger brother, Benjamin.  Their compassion and love for Benjamin evidenced a change of heart and stands in contrast to the way that they treated Joseph many years ago (Genesis 37).  All of Joseph’s brothers returned to Egypt and stood before Joseph, who rebuked them for their deceit (44:14-15).  Judah then spoke up and declared that they were suffering these judgments because of their guilt before God concerning their treatment of their brother, Joseph (44:16).  After listening to Judah’s words, Joseph demands that Benjamin, the one “guilty” of stealing the cup, should remain and be his servant (44:17).  Upon hearing Joseph’s decision, Judah begged Joseph to free Benjamin and take him as a slave instead (44:18-34).  Judah’s plea before Joseph showed a change of heart in the brothers and demonstrated their great love for both Jacob and their younger brother, Benjamin.

Dear God, change the heart of those who have sinned against You.  May they find forgiveness and hope for the future.